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Organizational evolution of project management teams over the whole lifecycle of megaprojects: Case study

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 439-454 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0211-7

摘要： Project management teams are critical in the implementation of megaprojects, but their evolution throughout the project lifecycle has not been clearly explained. This paper explores the organizational evolution of megaproject management teams through a longitudinal retrospective case study of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) project. The organizational evolution is examined in terms of management objectives, management content, and organizational structure. The organizational evolution of the HZMB project management team exhibits stage differentiation with the coexistence of turbulence and stability. Changes in the external environment are the driving force for organizational evolution, whereas a flexible organizational strategy is critical in promoting this evolution. Basing on the HZMB case study, this paper summarizes six critical measures that facilitate the organizational evolution of megaproject management teams. Our findings add value to megaproject management theory and provide a better understanding of the dynamics and complexity of megaproject organizational management.

关键词： megaproject organizational evolution whole lifecycle management project management team

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Whole-life Thinking and Engineering the Future

Roger Flanagan

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 290-296 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014040

摘要： Whole-life thinking for engineers working on the built environment has become more important in a fast changing world. Whole-life thinking is not new, every project attempts to balance the initial capital cost with the operating and maintenance cost of an asset. Engineers are increasingly concerned with complex systems, in which the parts interact with each other and with the outside world in many ways — the relationships between the parts determine how the system behaves. Systems thinking provides one approach to developing a more robust whole-life approach. Systems thinking is a process of understanding how things influence one another within a wider perspective. Complexity, chaos, and risk are endemic in all major projects. New approaches are needed to produce more reliable whole-life predictions. Best value, rather than lowest cost, can be achieved by using whole-life appraisal as a part of the design and delivery strategy.

关键词： whole-life thinking systems thinking complexity chaos risk management through life

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核电站全生命周期数据管理框架体系构建与发展建议

任景莉,杨盼

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第2期页码 152-159 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.012

摘要：

核工业正在经历数字化、智能化变革，核电数据呈指数型增长，数据逐渐成为核电站的重要资产，然而缺少贯穿核电站全生命周期的数据管理体系。本文综述了我国核电站全生命周期数据管理的研究现状，剖析了核电站全生命周期数据管理面临的需求与挑战，构建了围绕核电站全生命周期各个节点和业务流的数据管理框架。研究认为，建立核电站全生命周期数据管理体系当务之急是推进核电行业全面数字化，规范统一核电站全生命周期数据标准；依据数据类型对全生命周期数据进行分类管理，合理设计数据模型；科学制定数据质量管控政策、数据质量度量标准，确保核电站全生命周期数据安全。为此建议，加快建立数据一体化平台，对核电站中物项、业务数据、三维仿真数据等进行目录化组织，促进跨业务系统间数据的互联互通；将区块链技术应用到核电站全生命周期数据管理，实现核电站全生命周期数据的真实可溯；加强核电与数字孪生技术、基于模型的系统工程方法的融合应用，提高核电站智能化发展水平；建立健全核电站数据绿色管理政策体系，实现数据中心的低碳、高效、可持续发展。

关键词：数字化转型核电站全生命周期数据管理框架体系

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海洋桥梁工程全寿命管理维护战略探讨

刘沐宇,梁磊,吴浩,徐刚,李倩

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 25-30 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.013

摘要：

我国海洋桥梁工程建设正不断向离岸深海长联大型发展，但由于其所处自然环境恶劣、地质与荷载条件复杂，针对海洋桥梁工程全寿命期的健康监测、测量技术、巡检技术、管理与维护，仍存在许多难题亟待解决。本文在总结目前桥梁工程全寿命管理维护存在问题的基础上，针对海洋桥梁提出多参量、高可靠、大容量、长距离的光纤传感健康监测、“天–空–地–海”一体化测量、自动化巡检和智能化管理维护平台等技术及其发展要点，研究各技术要点的重点难点问题和发展方向，探讨海洋桥梁工程全寿命管理维护技术的发展战略目标，为海洋桥梁工程建设和运营安全提供技术支撑。

关键词：海洋桥梁工程全寿命管理健康监测自动化巡检工程测绘智能维护

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Innovations of phosphorus sustainability: implications for the whole chain

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《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 321-331 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019283

摘要：

Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource, therefore ensuring global food and environmental security depends upon sustainable P management. To achieve this goal, sustainable P management in the upstream and downstream sectors of agriculture from mineral extraction to food consumption must be addressed systematically. The innovation and feasibility of P sustainability are highlighted from the perspective of the whole P-based chain, including the mining and processing of P rock, production of P fertilizers, soil and rhizosphere processes involving P, absorption and utilization of P by plants, P in livestock production, as well as flow and management of P at the catchment scale. The paper also emphasizes the importance of recycling P and the current challenges of P recovery. Finally, sustainable solutions of holistic P management are proposed from the perspective of technology improvement with policy support.

关键词： P-use efficiency recycling sustainable management the whole P chain

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Extracts from cotton over the whole growing season induce

Ming LANG, Rui YU, Yongqing MA, Wei ZHANG, Christopher S. P. McErlean

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 228-236 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017150

摘要： Five cotton cultivars and their parents were tested for induction of germination of Wallr. (sunflower broomrape) seeds in pot and field experiments. Germination rates induced by cotton root extracts were the highest followed by stem extracts then leaf extracts. Cotton seedlings at the six-leaf stage induced higher germination than seedling at the two- and four-leaf stage, in all five cotton cultivars and their parents. In the field, the highest concentration of cotton root extracts gave the highest germination rate of , and the lowest concentration of cotton root extracts gave the lowest germination rate. Methanol extracts of cotton rhizosphere soil gave the highest germination of . In general, the root, stem and leaf extracts were more active at the six-leaf stage than other seedling stages. In conclusion, extracts of cotton rhizosphere soil and tissues have high activity in the seedling stage. Extracts of cotton across the whole growing season were able to induce germination but displayed significant cultivar interactions.

关键词： agricultural systems cotton crop ecology crop rotation systems weed management

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要： The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO₂ footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO₂/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO₂/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO₂ transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词： coal-to-liquid carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) carbon footprint levelized cost of liquid lifecycle assessment

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Product lifecycle-oriented virtual assembly technology

LIU Jian-hua, NING Ru-xin, YAO Jun, WAN Bi-le

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第4期页码 388-395 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0045-8

摘要： VA (virtual assembly) provides a more efficient, intuitive and convenient method for assembly process modeling, simulation and analysis. Previous researches about VA are almost isolated and dispersive, and have not established the understanding and definition of VA from a macroscopical and integrated view. Based on the analysis of the connotations of VA, a PLO-VATA (product lifecycle-oriented virtual assembly technology architecture) is proposed, in this architecture, VA is decomposed into four basic elements: principles and methodology of DFA (design for assembly), assembly analysis and evaluation, virtual assembly model and virtual assembly toolkits. Immersion, concurrence, integration and collaboration are the four main characteristics of VA being put forward. The key techniques of VA including virtual assembly model, virtual assembly analysis and evaluation, and virtual assembly process planning are discussed. Finally, a prototype system is built to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： integrated concurrence feasibility dispersive assembly technology

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TCGA whole-transcriptome sequencing data reveals significantly dysregulated genes and signaling pathways

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 322-330 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0408-9

摘要：

This study systematically evaluates the TCGA whole-transcriptome sequencing data of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by comparing the global gene expression profiles between tumors and their corresponding non-tumorous liver tissue. Based on the differential gene expression analysis, we identified a number of novel dysregulated genes, in addition to those previously reported. Top-listing upregulated (CENPF and FOXM1) and downregulated (CLEC4G, CRHBP, and CLEC1B) genes were successfully validated using qPCR on our cohort of 65 pairs of human HCCs. Further examination for the mechanistic overview by subjecting significantly upregulated and downregulated genes to gene set enrichment analysis showed that different cellular pathways were involved. This study provides useful information on the transcriptomic landscape and molecular mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis for development of new biomarkers and further in-depth characterization.

关键词： TCGA whole-transcriptome sequencing HCC liver cancer

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Analysis of the genomic landscape of primary central nervous system lymphoma using whole-genome sequencing

《医学前沿（英文）》页码 889-906 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0994-x

摘要： Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with poor prognosis. This study aimed to depict the genetic landscape of Chinese PCNSLs. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 68 newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSL samples, whose genomic characteristics and clinicopathologic features were also analyzed. Structural variations were identified in all patients with a mean of 349, which did not significantly influence prognosis. Copy loss occurred in all samples, while gains were detected in 77.9% of the samples. The high level of copy number variations was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 263 genes mutated in coding regions were identified, including 6 newly discovered genes (ROBO2, KMT2C, CXCR4, MYOM2, BCLAF1, and NRXN3) detected in ≥ 10% of the cases. CD79B mutation was significantly associated with lower PFS, TMSB4X mutation and high expression of TMSB4X protein was associated with lower OS. A prognostic risk scoring system was also established for PCNSL, which included Karnofsky performance status and six mutated genes (BRD4, EBF1, BTG1, CCND3, STAG2, and TMSB4X). Collectively, this study comprehensively reveals the genomic landscape of newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSLs, thereby enriching the present understanding of the genetic mechanisms of PCNSL.

关键词： primary central nervous system lymphoma whole-genome sequencing TMSB4X copy number variation gene mutation

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Cell surface protein engineering for high-performance whole-cell catalysts

Hajime Nakatani,Katsutoshi Hori

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 46-57 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1609-3

摘要： Cell surface protein engineering facilitated by accumulation of information on genome and protein structure involves heterologous production and modification of cell surface proteins using genetic engineering, and is important for the development of high-performance whole-cell catalysts. In this field, cell surface display is a major technology by exposing target proteins, such as enzymes, on the cell surface using a carrier protein. The target proteins are fused to the carrier proteins that transport and tether them to the cell surface, as well as to a secretion signal. This paper reviews cell surface display systems for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the perspective of carrier proteins, which determine the number of displayed molecules, and the localization, size, and direction ( or terminal anchoring) of the passengers. We also discuss advanced methods for displaying multiple enzymes and a new method for the immobilization of whole-cell catalysts using adhesive surface proteins.

关键词： cell surface engineering surface display whole-cell catalysts bioprocess

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Efficient acetoin production from pyruvate by engineered whole-cell biocatalysis

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 425-436 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2229-0

摘要： Acetoin is an important platform chemical, which has a wide range of applications in many industries. Halomonas bluephagenesis, a chassis for next generation of industrial biotechnology, has advantages of fast growth and high tolerance to organic acid salts and alkaline environment. Here, α-acetolactate synthase and α-acetolactate decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis 168 were co-expressed in H. bluephagenesis to produce acetoin from pyruvate. After reaction condition optimization and further increase of α-acetolactate decarboxylase expression, acetoin production and yield were significantly enhanced to 223.4 mmol·L^–1 and 0.491 mol·mol^–1 from 125.4 mmol·L^–1 and 0.333 mol·mol^–1, respectively. Finally, the highest titer of 974.3 mmol·L^–1 (85.84 g·L^–1) of acetoin was accumulated from 2143.4 mmol·L^–1 (188.6 g·L^–1) of pyruvic acid within 8 h in fed-batch bioconversion under optimal reaction conditions. Moreover, the reusability of the cell catalysis was also tested, and the result illustrated that the whole-cell catalysis obtained 433.3, 440.2, 379.0, 442.8 and 339.4 mmol·L^–1 (38.2, 38.8, 33.4, 39.0 and 29.9 g·L^–1) acetoin in five repeated cycles under the same conditions. This work therefore provided an efficient H. bluephagenesis whole-cell catalysis with a broad development prospect in biosynthesis of acetoin.

关键词： acetoin pyruvate α-acetolactate synthetase α-acetolactate decarboxylase Halomonas bluephagenesis whole-cell biocatalysis

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Transforming bacterial disease surveillance and investigation using whole-genome sequence to probe the

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 23-33 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0607-7

摘要：

Two decades have passed since the first bacterial whole-genome sequencing, which provides new opportunity for microbial genome. Consequently, considerable genetic diversity encoded by bacterial genomes and among the strains in the same species has been revealed. In recent years, genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatics have developed rapidly, which has resulted in transformation and expedited the application of strategy and methodology for bacterial genome comparison used in dissection of infectious disease epidemics. Bacterial whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic computing allow genotyping to satisfy the requirements of epidemiological study in disease control. In this review, we outline the significance and summarize the roles of bacterial genome sequencing in the context of bacterial disease control and prevention. We discuss the applications of bacterial genome sequencing in outbreak detection, source tracing, transmission mode discovery, and new epidemic clone identification. Wide applications of genome sequencing and data sharing in infectious disease surveillance networks will considerably promote outbreak detection and early warning to prevent the dissemination of bacterial diseases.

关键词： genome sequencing genomic epidemiology bacteria surveillance infectious diseases

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The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects

Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 348-352 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014048

摘要： In 2011, water conservation projects construction in China entered a stage of rapid growth. In February 2013 three dam safety accidents occurred due to improper participant subject behaviors. Improving security and risk management of water conservation projects is therefore considered as imminent. It is urgent to research the risks of the participant subject behaviors. This article takes each participating subject in the whole life-cycle of water conservation projects as the research object, analyzes the risk behaviors and risk evolution processes, dissects the cause of the risks of the participating subject behaviors on the basis of the theory of risk effect, and puts forward that reinforcing the penalties, improving criminal cost and strengthening the engineering ethics education is an effective way to solve safety problems of the current projects.

关键词： water conservation projects subject behavior safety accident risk effect engineering ethics

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Accounting greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China: a whole

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 357-374 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0763-y

摘要： Food consumption is necessary for human survival. On a global scale, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission related to food consumption accounts for 19%–29% of the total GHG emission. China has the largest population in the world, which is experiencing a rapid development. Under the background of urbanization and the adjustment of the diet structure of Chinese residents, it is critical to mitigate the overall GHG emission caused by food consumption. This study aims to employ a single-region input-output (SRIO) model and a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to measure GHG emission generated from food consumption in China and compare the contributions of different industrial sectors, uncovering the differences between urban and rural residents and among different provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities), as well as identifying the driving forces of GHG emission from food consumption at a national level. The results indicate that the total GHG emission generated from food consumption in China tripled from 157 Mt CO₂e in 2002 to 452 Mt CO₂e in 2017. The fastest growing GHG emission is from the consumption of other processed food and meat products. Although GHG emissions from both urban and rural residents increased, the gap between them is increasing. Agriculture, processing and manufacture of food, manufacture of chemical and transportation, storage and post services sectors are key sectors inducing food consumption related GHG emissions. From a regional perspective, the top five emission provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) include Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu. Based on such results, policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate the overall GHG emission from food consumption.

关键词： greenhouse gas (GHG) emission food consumption industry sectors mitigation measures urban governance